نشریه فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight week continues and HIIT exercise on VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 levels in stratum, hippocampus and cortex of wistar rat brain. for this purpose, 24wistar rats (age: 9 weeks, weight: 200±20gr) were selected. After one week of familiarization with laboratory environment, they were randomly divided into three groups consisted of: control, continuous training and high intensity interval training. They did continuous and high-intensity interval training for eight-weeks. Twentyfour hours after last section of exercise they sacrificed and sampling of stratum, hippocampus and cortex were performed. Then, for assessment of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 level, western blot method was used and for statistical analysis of the data's, the one-way ANOVA was used. Data of this study illustrated that VEGF-A protein in the stratum in HIIT and in hippocampus, the continuous training and in the cortex HIIT group was
higher than the control group (P< 0/..5). Also VEGFR2 protein in the stratum and hippocampus area in both groups were higher than control group. While this difference was not significant in cortex. The results showed that both continuous and high-intensity interval training can increase the amount of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 proteins. Thus HIIT because of the time advantage can

The aim of the this study is comparing the effect of twelve-session high intensity interval training in hypoxic and normoxic conditions on anaerobic performance. Therefore sixteen volunteer students of Shahid Beheshti University by the average age of 23.27±2.94, and BMI 23.37± 2.74 participated in this research. Subjects were divided to two groups of exercising in hypoxic condition in 3300 meter, and in normoxic condition by maximum power output (W max). Aerobic factors (VO2max, WVO2max,VEmax,Wmax)were measured by an incremental examination on a cycle ergo meter test in hypoxic after 24 hours, and Aerobic factors(VO2max, WVO2max,VEmax,Wmax) were measured in normoxic condition after 48 hours. Subjects were divided to two equal groups via Wmax. The exercise program was equalized for both groups (80-85% Wmax for 1 minute and 50% for 2 minutes, in30-minute exercise).Just the hypoxic group did the exercise in hypoxic14% condition. Training exercise program contained12 sessions for two continuous weeks (2 to 6 continuous sessions with an off day between these). After 2 weeks the measured parameters were evaluated again. The results of this research showed that there is no difference (α≤0.05) between twelve-session high intensity interval training in hypoxic and normoxic conditions on aerobic performance. As a result it can be say that the used exercised time can causes the improvement of anaerobic performance in this research, but the time and the gravity of used hypoxia weren’t enough to improve the aerobic performance in hypoxic to normoxic condition.

  The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of exercise on appetite and energy intake in normal and overweight females. Seven normal weight (20<BMI<25), and 7 overweight (25<BMI<30) inactive women (mean age 23.28 ±1.68) participated in a 6-days semi-experimental study.First 2 days were assigned as control with no exercise. On the third and fourth days, participants were asked to run on a treadmill at 60% maximum heart rate reserve for 1 h. Others subsequent 2 days were consider as post-exercise days with no exercise. Subjects recorded dietary intake using a food diary and self-weighed intake during each 6 days. Visual analogue scale (VAS) completed at each morning in fasted state. In normal weight women, average energy intake significantly reduced on postexercise days (1498.42±336.60 kcal) compare with exercise days (1897.14±342.61 kcal) (p<0.01).
However, in overweight women, relative energy intake significantly reduced in exercise days compare with control days (p<0.05). There was no significant differences in food compositions across conditions in both groups and differences in appetite rate were not significant across the days. Interaction effect between two groups was not significant in all variables. In conclusions, moderate intensity exercise can create a negative energy balance in overweight women. This result indicated a favorable clinical implication of exercise on weight control in
overweight women.

  Judo is one of the weight categorized combat sports which keeping the ideal weight or reducing it, is vital for athletes. Many obstacles involved in energy hemostasis and storage which seems that AGRP or agouti related protein is one of them. AGRP is appetite-related neuropeptide which affects food consumption, obesity and energy hemostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks judo-based circuit training versus common judo training on AGRP amounts. for this purpose 20 trained judo athletes voluntarily participated in this study and randomly placed in 2 groups (judo technique based circuit training, common judo training). Blood sampling was performed 24 hours before 1st and after the last training session. Comparing of AGRP changes among groups had performed using t-student and the levels of significance differences defined as (p<0.05). AGRP increase and body fat percent loss were significantly higher in circuit training compare with common judo training. In addition this group experienced more increase in VO2max, max power, mean power and fatigue index. The observed decrease in the AGRP can be related to the negative energy balance occurred in training that secretion of AGRP would be as a compensating way for restoring the energy
stores. Thus this method of training could be used as a better conditioning program for weight loss and achieving higher level of physical fitness for judo athletes.

  The use of different models of training, especially combined training exercises are common among the elderly. The effect of combined training exercises on hormones and growth factors levels have been little studied in aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks concurrent training on growth hormone, IGF-1 serum concentration and GH/IGF-1 ratio in elderly women. In this quasi-experimental study with pre test and post test design, twenty-one healthy elderly women (55- 70 years) were randomly placed into two groups, concurrent training (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. Training program was done eight weeks, 3 times per week. In order to compare data within and between groups, dependent t-test and independent t-test was used respectively. The data showed GH, IGF-1 and GH/IGF-1 ratio were not significantly changed (P≥0.05) following combined training. Also, a significant decrease observed in body mass(P=0.005), BMI(P=0.005) and body fat percentage (P=0.001) following 8 weeks combined training (P≤0.05) . VO2max increase significantly (P = 0.024) In this study, 8 weeks of combined training led to non-significant increase in GH/IGF-1. Maybe, this training in long-term leads to changes in GH and IGF-1. Therefore, Due to improvements in body composition and aerobic power, maybe performing the long-term training program have a beneficial effect on the performance of the cardiovascular system and can be prevented from developing atherosclerosis.

Consumption of sport drinks is common among athletes and are used to improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two kinds of energy drinks (hype and big bear) on anaerobic power of teenager football players. The present study was a semiexperimental. For this reason, 12 football players [Age (16.6±0.63 yrs.); height (167.7±6.07 cm); BMI (22.9±4.2 kg/m2)] who had a two-year football experience, voluntarily participated in this study. After completing a health and physical activity questionnaire all subjects were present at the National Olympic Academy. They drunk energy drink big bear, hype and placebo (containing C vitamin and Saccharin NA) in 3 consecutive weeks in a cross over design following breakfast intake (6ml per weight). After a 5 minute warm-up with a uniform pattern, RAST test was obtained to determine peak anaerobic power, anaerobic power average and fatigue index in all subjects. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA test and post hoc LSD tests at a significance level of 0.05 > α were used. There was no significant difference between peak(p=0.31), mean(p=0.22) anaerobic power and fatigue index(p=0.81) during 3 stage of RAST test. Based on the Results ofstudy, it seems that Hype and Big Bear energy drinks could not improve the anaerobic powers and decline of fatigue of teenager football players during
RAST test performance.

  Different training methods can affect the athletes’ physical performance in different ways. The purpose of present study was to compare the effects of plyometric and resistance power training
programs on physical performance of volleyball players. Twenty-seven male players of a local team in Esfarayen, Iran, volunteered. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups; polymetric (n=13) and resistance power training (n=14). Training period lasted 6 weeks, 3 days per week. Physical performance included vertical jump, spike jump, agility, sprint (9 and 18 meters) and repeated effort test for volleyball was measured before training programs and 48 hours after the last session through special tests. Data were analyzed using shapiro-wilk, paired and independent samples t-tests at
the level of 0.05. Results showed that both training methods can increase vertical jump, spike jump, agility, sprint (9 & 18 m) and repeated effort test for volleyball (ideal time, actual time, ideal jump,
actual jump) in volleyball players (P<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in the above parameters. Volleyball players can use both polymetric and resistance power training programs to improve their performance. Conclusion In general it can be claimed that volleyball players can use both polymetric and resistance power training programs to improve their performance

  SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases that is localized in mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic continuous and high intensity interval training on levels of SIRT3 in Wistar rat’s skeletal muscle tissue. 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each, namely: 1) Obese- High-intensity interval training (HIIT), 2) Obese- Continues training (CT) 3) Obese control (OB) and
4) Non-Obese control (Cont.). During the study, groups of rat 1, 2 and 3 were given a high-fat diet. After familiarization, CT and HIIT rats performed aerobic continuous training and high intensity interval training three times a week for eight weeks, respectively. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of SIRT3 protein of Soleus muscle in HIIT and CT groups was higher than OB and Cont. groups significantly (p< 0.05). Also, SIRT3 content was higher in HIIT than CT group, though insignificant. Also, no significant difference was observed between SIRT3 content of OB and Cont. However, SIRT3 content was lower in OB group. It seems that using HIIT exercise can be as effective as continuous training on muscle mitochondrial function and ultimately contribute to longevity, especially in obese patients and raises important factors such as SIRT3.